Epictetus

c. 50 – c. 135 AD · Greek Stoic philosopher · taught at Nicopolis

Epictetus was born into slavery at Hierapolis in Phrygia around AD 50, the property of Epaphroditus, a wealthy freedman who served as secretary to Nero. His master let him study Stoic philosophy under Musonius Rufus; freed after Nero’s death, he taught in Rome until Domitian banished philosophers from the city around AD 93, then founded a school at Nicopolis in Greece. He published nothing — everything we have comes through his student Arrian, who recorded the Discourses and distilled the Enchiridion from them, and whose handbook went on to shape Marcus Aurelius and, much later, the Enlightenment.

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