Joel Barlow

1754–1812 · American poet & diplomat; drafted the English Treaty of Tripoli

Joel Barlow was an American poet, diplomat, and one of the “Hartford Wits,” who served as U.S. consul at Algiers in the 1790s. As agent to the Barbary states he prepared the English text of the Treaty of Tripoli, including the famous Article 11. The clause reflects the treaty’s diplomatic aim — reassuring a Muslim power that the young republic bore it no religious enmity — rather than a personal declaration by any Founding Father.

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