Martin Luther

1483–1546 · German theologian & leader of the Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther was a German Augustinian friar who became professor of theology at Wittenberg; his 1517 protest against indulgences split Western Christianity and set off the Reformation. He preached and wrote at enormous volume and translated the Bible into German, and it is in his sermons on the Gospel of John, delivered in 1537–38, that the prayer-as-heartbeat image appears. He is a wholly different person from Martin Luther King Jr. (1929–1968), the American civil-rights leader born four centuries later.

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