Book of the Hebrew Bible · wisdom literature traditionally ascribed to King Solomon
The Book of Proverbs is a collection of Hebrew wisdom sayings in the Old Testament. Wikipedia describes it as traditionally ascribed to King Solomon and his students, while noting that it is in scholarly terms a “collection of collections” assembled over a long period, with its superscriptions serving to categorise content rather than to attribute authorship. Its characteristic form is the two-part couplet — a statement answered by a parallel statement — and Proverbs 16:18 is exactly that: pride → destruction, answered by haughty spirit → a fall. That structure is precisely what everyday speech tends to collapse, which is how the half-verse everyone quotes came to exist.