Harry S. Truman

1884–1972 · 33rd President of the United States

Truman was the last U.S. president who never earned a college degree, and he spent a lifetime compensating with books — a habit that began with the four-volume Great Men and Famous Women his mother gave him in 1894 and with a boyhood claim to have worked his way through the Independence public library. He genuinely believed that biography and history were leadership training, and said so often, which is why a sentence he never quite wrote sits so comfortably in his mouth. He took office in April 1945 on Franklin Roosevelt’s death, served until January 1953, and retired to Independence, Missouri, where he kept reading and writing.

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